Kenneth Alò, MD1, William A. Hautt, BBA2, Thomas J. Cartwright, MD3, Dave Primm, MA, ELS2, and Jack Bornstein, RN2. (1) Kenneth Alò, MDPA, Houston, TX, USA, (2) Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Plano, TX, USA, (3) KSF Orthopaedic Center, Houston, TX, USA
Introduction Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices employ two
methods of current delivery, either constant current or constant voltage. Each
method uses stimulation pulses with a distinct shape (Fig. 1). Constant voltage
pulses have current amplitudes that initially maximize then decline in response
to tissue qualities such as impedance. Constant current pulses have current
amplitudes that are unaltered for the duration of the pulse. Since total charge
is a product of current amplitude (current amplitude × pulse width), and
impedance in SCS patients may change over time,1,2 the total charge
provided by constant voltage systems can vary. As of yet, little data exists
comparing patient perceptions of constant voltage and constant current
stimulation. Methods Information was collected from 11 patients with
intractable chronic pain of the trunk and/or extremities who had experienced both
constant voltage and constant current stimulation. Some patients had received a
constant voltage implantable pulse generator (IPG) that was later switched to a
constant current IPG during battery replacement surgery. Other patients were
given trial stimulation using constant voltage and constant current power
sources from the same manufacturer. The patients' programming was generally the
same when they used the constant voltage and constant current devices, although
slight adjustments were made as necessary. Patients filled out questionnaires to
evaluate both kinds of stimulation. Results
The patients' pain topographies
included the upper and lower extremities (Table 1). Constant current
stimulation was most often described by patients as soothing or pleasant while
constant voltage was described as comfortable or massaging (Fig. 2). All
patients expressed a preference for constant current stimulation, rating it as
more comfortable and better at relieving their pain (Fig. 3). Conclusion Patient
reports of differing sensations from constant current and constant voltage
systems may be related to the stimulation pulses the systems provide. Further
study is warranted.
References: 1. Oakley JC, Prager J, Krames E, Weiner RL, Stamatos J,
Bradley K. Variability of contact impedance over time in spinal cord
stimulation. Paper presented at: Meeting of the American Society of
Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery; Oct 1-3, 2004; Cleveland, Ohio.
2. Alò K, Varga C, Krames E, et al. Factors affecting
impedance of percutaneous leads in spinal cord stimulation. Neuromodulation.
2006;9(2):128-135.