Kenneth Alò, MD1, Jack Bornstein, RN2, Don Donnelly, BS2, and Dave Primm, MA, ELS2. (1) Kenneth Alò, MDPA, Houston, TX, USA, (2) Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Plano, TX, USA
Introduction Implantable pulse generators (IPGs) are available
with constant voltage and constant current designs. Differences in constant
voltage and constant current stimulation pulses1 can be represented
graphically (Fig. 1). Constant voltage pulses have current amplitudes that peak
and then fall in response to tissue properties that include impedance. In
contrast, constant current pulses have current amplitudes that are unchanged
throughout the duration of the pulse. Because constant voltage systems adjust
their current to accommodate changing impedance, their total charge (current
amplitude × pulse width) can be reduced, requiring adjustments in voltage or
pulse width in response. Constant current systems provide a steady charge and
generally require fewer adjustments than constant voltage systems as the
impedance varies.2 Methods
A 59-year-old male with
post-laminectomy syndrome was implanted with a spinal cord stimulation system
consisting of a constant voltage IPG and dual quadrapolar leads. After its
battery depleted, the IPG was replaced with a constant current design using a
lead extension to make it compatible with the patient's existing leads (Fig 2).
The patient's stimulation programming and electrode polarities were adjusted
slightly after surgery (Fig. 3). Retrospectively, the patient answered
questions about pain relief, functionality, and stimulation sensations provided
by the two IPGs. Results The patient reported improved pain relief and
functioning with the constant current device. He also described his stimulation
sensations as more soothing and comfortable (Fig. 4). Conclusion The
patient's report of improved stimulation quality with the constant current IPG
may be related to the pulse shape and consistent charge provided by the device.
Further inquiry is needed to confirm the relationship between stimulation
sensation and constant current and constant voltage systems.
References:
- Local signaling: passive electrical properties of the neuron. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz J, Jessell T, eds. Principles of Neural Science. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000.
- Holsheimer J. Principles of neurostimulation. In: Simpson BA, ed. Electrical Stimulation and the Relief of Pain. Boston, Mass.: Elsevier; 2003. Pain Research and Management, Vol. 15.